Ethnic Conflict	
Causes of Ethnic Violence
Monday
•	In our last class, we discussed the theories surrounding the origin of ethnic identities:
–	Primordialist
–	Instrumentalist
–	Constructivist
•	Today, we will be looking at theoretical causes of ethnic conflict
Rise of Ethnic Violence
•	Mobilization-Assimilation Gap
•	Rising Expectations vs. Rising Frustrations
•	Strain Theory
•	Relative Deprivation Theory
•	
•	Developmental Approach
•	Reactive Ethnicity Approach
Developmental Approach
•	Ethnic identity is an independent variable in predicting ethnic violence
•	Ethnic groups prefer to be governed by their kin than by aliens
Reactive Ethnicity Approach
•	Cultural division of labor
•	Aliens taking (higher-paying) jobs from the ethnic group caused the ethnic group to become more cohesive
Multinational Democracies
•	Plural society model
–	Political stability maintained only through coercion and control
•	Consociational democracy model
–	Political stability maintained through ethnic political involvement in a pluralist democratic political system
•	Hegemonic exchange model
–	Role of state is to facilitate the interactions between different ethnicities in ways that benefit all
Types of Democracies
•	Presidential System
•	Parliamentary System
–	Standard Model
–	Westminster Model
•	Hybrid Systems
•	According to Riggs (2002), what does this have to do with factors affecting prevalence of ethnic conflict?
Post-Cold War Explosion
–	Chechnya
–	Nagorno-Karabakh
–	Bosnia
–	Croatia
–	Somalia
–	Rwanda
–	Thailand 
–	Moldova
Possible Causes
•	Ancient hatreds
•	Irredentist / Anti-Irredentist
•	Insecurity and Fear 
–	A.k.a. Security Dilemma
•	Elite Power Theory 
•	Flat World Theory
–	A.k.a. Globalization
•	Economic Differentials
Intractability
•	Ethnic conflicts tend to last longer than other types of conflicts
–	Durable
–	Visible
–	Audible
Assignment
•	Taras and Ganguly: 44-52
•	Paper Topic due next Monday