Ethnic Conflict	
Modernization and Nationalism
Formation of Ethnic Identity
•	Primordialist
–	Subjectively held sense of identity based on objective criteria
•	Instrumentalist
–	Tool used by elites to achieve some certain end
•	Constructivist
–	Created through the internalization of the accoutrements of ethnicity
Primordialists
•	Needs for group creation
–	Emotional satisfaction received from belonging to a group
–	Shared belief in a common origin and history of the group that helps to set the boundaries of the group
–	Social relations are sacred and include both the living and the dead
•	Six bases of ethnic identity (Smith):
–	Group name identifiable by both in-group and out-group members
–	Belief in common ancestry
–	Presence of historical memories
–	Shared cultural attributes
–	Attachment to a specific ancestral homeland
–	Feelings of solidarity with other group members
Instrumentalists
•	Ethnicity exists only when power elites desire it to exist for political ends
•	Elites manipulate the masses and define ethnicity as they can
Constructivists
•	Ethnicity is a byproduct of human choices
•	Ethnicity does not exist until the symbols and myths are internalized by the group members
Assignment
•	Taras and Ganguly: 21-34